Drill Bits:
Button Bits: The tungsten carbide buttons on the bit face provide the primary cutting action by breaking and crushing the rock as the drifter rotates and applies downward force. They are designed to withstand the high impact and abrasion of drilling.
Cross Bits: The perpendicular carbide inserts on cross bits offer increased cutting efficiency and stability in harder rock formations. The dual-insert design ensures better penetration and effective rock fracturing.
DTH Hammer Bits: These larger-diameter bits are used with down-the-hole (DTH) drifters. The hammering action of the drifter's piston forces the bit to rapidly strike the rock, breaking it apart.
Shank Adapters:
Hexagonal Shank Adapters: These adapters connect the rock drill drifter to the drill rods or extension rods. The hexagonal shape provides a secure and non-slip connection, ensuring efficient power transfer from the drifter to the drilling tools.
Tapered Shank Adapters: Tapered adapters are used to connect drifters with tapered drill rods. They provide precise alignment between the drifter and the rod, facilitating seamless energy transfer and minimizing vibration.
Front Heads:
Front Head Bodies: These main structural components house the percussion mechanism and support the drill bit. They provide a sturdy housing that can withstand the repeated impacts and vibrations generated during drilling.
Front Head Inserts: These replaceable inserts, often made of tungsten carbide, protect the front head body from wear caused by the impacts of the drill bit. They extend the lifespan of the front head and ensure optimal performance.
Pistons:
Piston Bodies: Pistons transfer the impact energy from the drifter to the drill bit. The piston moves back and forth inside the cylinder, driven by the compressed air or hydraulic fluid. The impact force generated by the piston is transmitted to the drill bit, facilitating the rock-breaking process.
Piston Rings: Fitted onto the piston, these rings create a proper seal and maintain pressure within the cylinder, ensuring efficient power transmission during the percussive action. They prevent air or fluid leakage, optimizing the performance of the drifter.
Cylinders:
Cylinder Bodies: Cylinders house the piston and provide a smooth inner surface for the piston to move back and forth. The precise machining of the cylinder minimizes friction, allowing the piston to move with minimal resistance, maximizing the energy transfer to the drill bit.
Cylinder Liners: These replaceable liners protect the cylinder body from wear caused by the reciprocating motion of the piston. By reducing friction between the piston and the cylinder, they extend the longevity of the drifter.
O-rings and Seals:
O-rings: These circular elastomeric seals are used in various locations within the rock drill drifter to prevent fluid or air leakage. They create a reliable seal between components, such as between the cylinder and front head or between the piston and cylinder, maintaining the integrity of the system.
Seal Rings: These rings are used at specific sealing points to maintain proper lubrication and prevent contamination. They ensure a secure and tight seal, minimizing the risk of fluid leaks and maintaining the efficiency of the drifter.
Retainers and Retainer Springs:
Bit Retainers: These components securely hold the drill bit in the front head assembly. They can be threaded or feature a snap-in design, depending on the drifter model. The retainers prevent the bit from loosening or falling out during drilling operations, ensuring a stable drilling process.
Retainer Springs: These springs provide the necessary tension to keep the bit retainers in place. They ensure a secure fit of the drill bit, preventing unintentional disengagement during drilling operations. The springs help maintain the stability of the drilling process and minimize downtime due to bit loss.
Wear Plates:
Front Head Wear Plates: These plates, typically made of hardened steel or tungsten carbide, are attached to the front head body. They serve as a protective barrier against the repeated impacts of the drill bit. By absorbing the wear, they extend the lifespan of the front head assembly and maintain its structural integrity.
Piston Housing Wear Plates: These plates are installed in the piston housing area to protect it from wear caused by the movement of the piston. They prevent direct metal-to-metal contact, reducing friction and extending the life of the piston housing.
Lubricants and Greases:
Drill Bit Lubricants: These specialized lubricants reduce friction and heat generated during drilling. Applied to the drill bit, they improve performance, extend bit life, and facilitate the removal of drilled rock cuttings. The lubricants ensure smooth drilling operations and prevent excessive wear on the bit.
Greases: Greases are used to lubricate moving parts and bearings within the rock drill drifter. They provide a protective film that reduces friction, wear, and corrosion. Greases ensure smooth movement of components and contribute to the overall performance and longevity of the drifter.
Air and Water Components:
Air Distributor: The air distributor directs compressed air from the drifter to various parts of the rock drill, including the percussion mechanism, flushing ports, and air/water channels. It ensures proper air distribution for efficient drilling and facilitates the removal of drill cuttings.
Water Swivel: In drilling operations that require water for flushing purposes, the water swivel allows the flow of water through the drifter. It ensures effective flushing of drill cuttings, reduces dust, and maintains a clean drilling environment.